KRP

LORAN-C principle, Loran-c error & Difference between ELoran and Loran-c LORAN-C principleLoran-c works on a hyperbolic navigation system.Hyperbola overprinted on the navigation chart.So that a position line can be plotted on the chart.By measuring the time difference between arrivals of two pulse signals from two sources give a position line.The intersection point of these position … Read more

Parabola & Hyperbolic, Hyperbolic navigation system ParabolaSet of all points in a plane which are equal distance away from a given point and given line.Point – focusLine – directrix HyperbolaSet of points in a plane which having constant difference in distance from two fixed points.Fixed points – foci.Line joining two foci – base lineBase line … Read more

What is Pseudo range? True or not? Pseudo rangePseudo distance between satellite and GPS receiver.Pseudo range contain satellite clock and user clock offset error.To determine position GPS receiver calculate four range from four satellite at the time of transmission.GPS work on the principal of range measurement.Due to error, the measured range are not true, but … Read more

E LORAN Principle, ELoran limitation, E LORAN Operation area E LORANIndependent Dissimilar complement to GNSS.Low frequency terrestrial navigation system.ELoran uses pulse signal at a frequency of 100 khz. E LORAN principleELoran stations are grouped in chains – master station and 2 or more secondary station.First Master station transmit.Then successive transmission from secondary station.Transmission repeated periodically.ELoran … Read more

AIS Class A and Class B, Precautions for using as collision avoidance Precautions for using as collision avoidanceReceived information depends on the transmitted information.Position received might not be WGS 84 datum.AIS information can be wrong.Some ship doesn’t have AIS.Some ship might switched off AIS, so avoid over reliance.For these reasons, for collision avoidance follow colregs.But … Read more